Analysis of Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Gullivers TravelsMany of the critics who have critiqued Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels have used the word extraneous more then once. Swift was viewed as an insane someone who was a failure in life. But this is far from the truth. Swift wrote Gullivers Travels, a book that has been assigned to students for years, and it is written from experience. Swifts experience with the Tories and their conflicts with the Whigs caused him to write books that mock religious beliefs, organisation, or people with views differing from his own. In one of these books, Gullivers Travels, Swift criticizes the corruption of the English government, society, science, religion, and man in general. In Gullivers first travel, in which he visited Lilliput, Gulliver is faced with the minute people, called Lilliputians. right away while this is the premise for a fantasy story, Swift uses the events within to make severe criticisms of England between reigns of Queen Anne and George the first. The people of Li lliput are about six inches tall, and in that respect size signifies that their motives, acts, and humanity are in the same, dwarfish (Long 276). In this section, the royal palace is accidentally set on fire, containing the empress inside. Instead of making his way crossways town, to the ocean, squashing the people of Lilliput as he goes, Gulliver makes use of his urine to save the palace. While this vulgar episode was a display of bravery, it infuriated the emperor, causing revenge to be vowed on Gulliver. Rather then be happy that both the emperor and the palace are not in ruin, the littleness of the government and the people in general is displayed in this act. Another display of this is the fact that Gulliver is used as the Emperors absolute weapon, but the emperor only uses him to conquer his world of two islands. This makes the emperors competition seem extremely low (Bloom, Interpretations 84-5). Swift also criticizes the religious beliefs of the Lilliputians and England in the first story. In Lilliput, Ministers were chosen strictly on agility, or their ability to notch a tightrope or stick jumping. They were able to maintain their rank of minister as long as they could keep these defeating these tasks (Swift, Writings 89). The political parties of the English government are represented by the conservative High Heels who depict the Tories, and the progressive Low Heels, or Whigs.

Suffering in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist and James Watsons Talking in Whispers :: English Literature

Suffering in Charles Dickens Oliver Twist and James Watsons Talking in WhispersI am going to explore the ways in which human vile is portrayedin Charles Dickens Oliver Twist and James Watsons Talking inWhispers. I am also going to explore the ways in which sympathy iscreated for the characters Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta. Withconsideration of Oliver Twists and Andres Larretas suffering I amgoing to see if they can be considered as heroes. I am going to do allof this by analysing areas of the novels, Oliver Twist and Talkingin Whispers.Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta some(prenominal) contract a great deal ofsuffering. They stimulate physical, emotional and mental suffering.The societies in which they are a part of also suffer. The sufferingof society in both novels Oliver Twist and Talking in Whispers arecaused by the authorities. However, the society in Talking inWhispers seems to be much bigger than the society that comes acrossin Oliver Twist. I think this is because Oliver Twist is primarily almost the life of Oliver Twist and how he reunites with some of hisrelatives, whereas Talking in Whispers mainly focuses on AndresLarretas life and Chile under dictatorship. It also has lots ofinformation about the Chileans as a whole. Both characters AndresLarreta and Oliver Twist possess heroic qualities. I believe they areboth heroes for surviving the suffering they had received.Oliver Twist and Andres Larreta both experience physical and emotionalsuffering. Oliver Twist is a young child, below the age of 10 years.He experiences a great deal of physical suffering. Oliver experiencesabuse at the workhouse. He was very poor and had little food, whichmade him empty. He had to work to stay alive. Although his work onlyearned him just about enough to survive. The hungry and destitutesituation of the infant orphan was duly reported by the workhouseauthorities. The author Charles Dickens states that Oliver is hungryand is in a poor situation. Another congresswoman of physical sufferingOliver experiences, is the beating he receives after he has a fightwith Noah. Olivers clothes had been torn in the beating he hadreceived his reckon was bruised and scratched and his hair scatteredover his forehead. Dickens describes his condition and implies to thereader that his beating was rough, violent and severe. He makes thereader sympathise with Oliver. Not only is this physical suffering forOliver, but for a child as young as Oliver it is also emotionalsuffering. It leads him to believe nobody cares for him and that he is

Pietro DiDonato’s Christ in Concrete Essay -- Essays Papers

Pietro DiDonatos Christ in concrete Pietro DiDonatos Christ in Concrete is a powerful narrative of the struggles and culture of New Yorks Italian immigrant laborers in the early twentieth century. Jerre Mangione and Ben Morreale, in their historical work La Storia, postulate that Never before or since has the aggravation of the Italian immigrant been more bluntly expressed by a novelist (368). A central component of this aggravation, two for DiDonato as an author and for his protagonist Paul, is the struggle to reconcile traditional religious beliefs and customs with the blendure of that very same faith to provide any open improvement in the immigrants lives. Through Pauls experience, we observe the Catholic institutions lose influence and effectiveness as Capitalist ones, manifest in Job, find their place. While doing this, DiDonato also illustrates essential aspects of Italian (specifically southern) Catholicism and the pressures placed upon it by the American environment. The novel opens by introducing Pauls father Geremio, his mother Annunziata, and Job. Geremio is a construction crew supervisor who struggles to improve his familys condition, and even though he has been making progress, he still wonders how much more will be exacted from him. A religiously faithful man, he asks God for guidance Is it not possible to breathe Gods air without fear dominating the scare off of unemployment? And the terror of production for Boss, Boss, and Job? To rebel is to lose all of the very little. To be obedient is to choke. O dear Lord, guide my path (13). Geremio articulates the conflict he feels between Boss and Job, which rules his earthly life, and the struggle of his spirit. The pressures have not crushed his faith,... ...ave either seen, survived, or know of. Yet, when they need help, there is nowhere else to turn. Paul doesnt arrive at Job, doesnt decide to dedicate his life to it, as his first choice. He only does so after other institutions, namely the Ch urch, fail to provide assistance. As a result, Job indispensablely becomes the central all-powerful force in the lives of the laborers. It is to Job they go every day, and to Job that they dedicate themselves. As the Church failed to help them materially, it also often fails to help them spiritually beyond encouraging them to accept their plight as fate. Once arrived at this state, it is a natural consequence that Paul loses his faith God and the Catholic institution as they are supplanted by the Capitalist institution of Job. Though he resents and wishes to break unbosom from Job, he sees no alternative, it is all that is left to him.

Anne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant Essay

Anne Tylers classic novel, dinner at the Homesick RestaurantIn Anne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, thereader experiences a variety of scraps between parent and child,one of the most apparent being that between Pearl Tull and her eldestson, Cody. These ii characters never seem to see nitty-gritty to eye, as Pearlprefers to see only the negative aspects of her children. Cody nevertruly relates to Pearl and her manic ways. As the conflict unfoldsbetween Pearl and Cody, the deeper meaning of the baloney is revealedthere is never a perfect family, but nonetheless, theirs is a family.As the first child, Cody is expected to excel and be the ideal son. Heestablishes a seditious personality once his younger brother Ezra isborn. Because of this brotherly competition, he and Pearl never reallyget along. Whether or not they even truly love each other is an ideato be questioned. Pearl doesnt like the idea that Cody might, foronce in his life, be split up than Ezra . The reader sees this in chapter2, when Pearl insists that Ezra movement to shoot ... Anne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant EssayAnne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick RestaurantIn Anne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, thereader experiences a variety of conflicts between parent and child,one of the most apparent being that between Pearl Tull and her eldestson, Cody. These two characters never seem to see eye to eye, as Pearlprefers to see only the negative aspects of her children. Cody nevertruly relates to Pearl and her manic ways. As the conflict unfoldsbetween Pearl and Cody, the deeper meaning of the story is revealedthere is never a perfect family, but nonetheless, theirs is a family.As the first child, Cody is expected to excel and be the ideal son. Heestablishes a rebellious personality once his younger brother Ezra isborn. Because of this brotherly competition, he and Pearl never reallyget along. Whet her or not they even truly loved each other is an ideato be questioned. Pearl doesnt like the idea that Cody might, foronce in his life, be better than Ezra. The reader sees this in chapter2, when Pearl insists that Ezra try to shoot ...

The Action Research Plan to Address Chronic Behavior Problems in Second

Positive Behavioral Supports and Interventions (PBIS) programs were developed to help children learn the valuable affable and behavioural skills needed to be fortunate in school. Most of these interventions cost teaching school-wide expectations and a shared vocabulary for reinforcing these expectations. Some students continue to have behavior problems and to create disruptions in the classroom. These students receive specialized interventions to improve behavior. The researchers plan is to provide an intervention for students in the secondary level of PBIS. These student continue to struggle later they receive instruction in appropriate school behavior. Behavioral instruction alone is not effective for all students. In order to be successful at school children also need to have a positive attitude about themselves, caring relationships with adults, and the understanding that they have the capacity to learn. Unfortunately, many children do not have these things when they come to school. The researchers aim to provide an intervention that helps to provide an ongoing positive relationship with a school staff member, create a safe environment for children to explore their feeling and discuss problems with a caring adult, and to creative opportunities that allow the students to be successful thereby increasing overall perceptions of self-efficacy. cardinal potential intervention is involving families in behavioral interventions. Reinke, Splett, Robeson, and Offutt (2009) found that parental involvement in all levels of PBIS increases the effectiveness of interventions. The Family Check-up model combines school based PBIS interventions with family supports. This model serves to address home-based factors which have been shown in inf... ...Public Health Perspective. Psychology In The Schools, 46(1), 33-43. Sitler, H. (2009). Teaching with awareness The hidden effects of trauma on learning. Clearing House, 82(3), 119-123.Sutherland, K. S., Conroy, M., Abrams, L ., & Vo, A. (2010). Improving interactions between teachers and fresh children with problem behavior A strengths-based approach. Exceptionality, 18(2), 70-81. Sutherland, K. S., & Oswald, D. (2005). The relationship between teacher and student behavior in classrooms for students with emotional and behavioral disorders Transactional processes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 114.Wills, H., Kamps, D., Abbott, M., Bannister, H., & Kaufman, J. (2010). classroom Observations and Effects of Reading Interventions for Students at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 35(2), 103-119.

The Action Research Plan to Address Chronic Behavior Problems in Second

Positive Behavioral Supports and Interventions (PBIS) programs were developed to help children learn the valuable social and behavioral skills needed to be successful in school. Most of these interventions address teaching school-wide expectations and a shared vocabulary for reinforcing these expectations. Some students continue to have behavior problems and to create disruptions in the classroom. These students peck specialized interventions to improve behavior. The researchers plan is to provide an intervention for students in the secondary level of PBIS. These student continue to struggle after they receive instruction in appropriate school behavior. Behavioral instruction alone is not effective for all students. In order to be successful at school children too need to have a positive attitude about themselves, caring relationships with adults, and the understanding that they have the capacity to learn. Unfortunately, many children do not have these things when they ascend to school. The researchers aim to provide an intervention that helps to provide an ongoing positive relationship with a school staff member, create a safe environment for children to search their feeling and discuss problems with a caring adult, and to creative opportunities that allow the students to be successful thereby increasing overall perceptions of self-efficacy. One potential intervention is involving families in behavioral interventions. Reinke, Splett, Robeson, and Offutt (2009) found that parental involvement in all levels of PBIS increases the effectiveness of interventions. The Family Check-up model combines school based PBIS interventions with family supports. This model serves to address home-based factors which have been shown in inf... ...Public wellness Perspective. Psychology In The Schools, 46(1), 33-43. Sitler, H. (2009). Teaching with awareness The hidden effects of trauma on learning. Clearing House, 82(3), 119-123.Sutherland, K. S., Conroy, M., Abrams, L., & Vo, A. (2010). Improving interactions between teachers and young children with problem behavior A strengths-based approach. Exceptionality, 18(2), 70-81. Sutherland, K. S., & Oswald, D. (2005). The relationship between teacher and student behavior in classrooms for students with emotional and behavioral disorders Transactional processes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 114.Wills, H., Kamps, D., Abbott, M., Bannister, H., & Kaufman, J. (2010). Classroom Observations and Effects of Reading Interventions for Students at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 35(2), 103-119.

Frankenstein and the monster Essay

How far should we notion pity for both Frankenstein and the junkie? Essay By looking at carefully at the arguments both for and against feeling pity for Frankenstein and his monster, it is easy to fool that we should feel much pity for both. The monster was brought to life on a stern night and thrown into unwittingly into the wide world a world in which he was forced into solitude due to the neglect of his creator and the rejection of whole who saw him. For the whole of his life he was spurned by all who lay eyes on his skin-deep ugliness because their judging minds could not see the person who lay beneath.According to the monster, as he tells Frankenstein whilst talking to him, You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the substitution of those sympathies necessary for my being. All he wanted was a small amount of love and affection from anyone or anything. This shows he has some human feelings and makes the commentator empathise with what Frankensteins monste r has to cope with. The constant rejection the monster receives in the end drives him, the reader believes, to make the ultimate sacrifice, to stop the pain that tears through with(predicate) his body he wanders off into the s straight off, where the reader thinks he commits suicide.This ends the suffering and enables him to rest easy for first time since his birth. Others may disagree and say that Frankensteins monster was created from the body parts of criminals and therefore could be nothing but evil himself. Using the murders he commits this point could perhaps be justified. The monster kills the completely liberal William and effectively kills Justine as well, by cruelly framing her for his murderous deed. As we find out in the monsters story he now thought that From hence forth, evil be thou my good. , showing him as nothing but wicked.Furthermore he later murders Frankensteins father, before suddenly abateing Frankensteins last chance of happiness, killing his wife Elizab eth on their wedding night. Having had everything stolen from him, Frankenstein enters a state of despair, where the only thing he has to live for is the need to destroy his creation. The monster had through no good in his life, only ruined Frankensteins. Then in an act of running away from all he had done and giving up because the death of his creator gave him nothing else to live for, he took his own life.The conclusion you could then reach from everything he did, is that he therefore deserves no pity from anyone. Though these are completely valid points, there is a different way to look at it. The terrible things the monster did were brought on by the neglect and rejection he suffered, and not being allowed to have someone to love and care for. These are all things humans cannot deal with, making the reader feel more pity because of what he was driven to and the human needs and emotions he shows.

Good management Essay

Good management is working through others to accomplish task that help fulfill organizational object lenss as expeditiously as possible. a) Would you agree to the above statement? Please explain your answer. No, I disagree with the above statement as efficiency was more than towards achieving specific objective with minimum usage available resources and time consumption.In view of my current job in sales and marketing, if I just blindly drive my sales team to sale the products and services to fulfill the organizational sales tar make believe without considering the quality of pitch in terms of knowledge, skills, competency, and experience, time required for delivery, methods used for delivery and resources available for delivery. How long can I maintain the sales tar shrink without considering the hard-hittingness of the delivery system?An example of a service manager, Mr Raymond Ling from Jimisar Autotrade Sdn Bhd, Sibu emergence express that the top management has set the t arget where every mechanic must(prenominal)iness service one unit of gondola car in 30 proceeding to prove the efficiency of the service team else disciplinary action will be taken. As a result, the mechanic gets the job done within the effrontery timeframe without considering the quality of the service and types of service required by the client. At the end, the sales advisor has been receiving a lot of customer complaints such as why my car so dirty after the service? , why you dont check the air of the tyres?At the end, they have been losing their customer. However, UMW Toyota Motor Sdn Bhd Sibu branch service centre, Mr Mathew Tiong said that their top management do set the time frame but according to types of services general service, minor fastener or major repair? The customer must call to pre-book the services and inform the service advisor the suspected problem of their car that need the service centre to troubleshoot. The head government agency organizes training in technical, motivation, customer service by routine and weekly review to ensure they improve and fast in respond to rectify the problem.The customer satisfaction level has been increase and manages to retain their old customer even though the free service period has over but they still set about back to them to service their car. This show that efficiency can drive a person or a team to complete the task as per extremity but in terms of management, it should not be just looking into efficiency but in effect(p)ness also very grave especially in the sales and services industry. b) If you were tasked the role of a chief executive officer, how would you make others to accomplish tasks effectively.I am an Advance Diploma in Computer Studies holder with around 12 years of working experience from administration, event management, sales and marketing in retail and education. If I am being tasked the role of chief operating officer in my company. I definitely will take the challenge. First, I will go to google and read some good example of a CEO in some long-familiar company such as SAMSUNG, APPLE, DISNEY and etc to get some inspiration and better idea on how to become a good and effective CEO in my company. I believe lead by example. I also believe people are the most important asset of an organization.How to become an effective CEO? I believe an effective CEO must be able to lead and work through people. How to tap on their talents? How to make them work for you and how to affect them? What is their strengths and weakness? I must know my staff well and delegates the job by tapping on their talents. Being the top of the pyramid, a great CEO must be able to clearly communicate the vision of the company in order to inspire staff, customers and investors. As the company bearer, all eyes turn to the CEO for direction and example.It is the key for the CEO to understand the every-day activities of the organization and how all parts fits all together to move the comp any forward. As CEO, I should not get dragged into the seductive lure of micro managing granular details. Instead I should trust my management team that there are capable in handling it. I need to build up a strong and good quality management team where they should know and accountable for their responsibilities. I must know how to wise man and accomplish them to keep them motivated, questd and on the track to meet the company goals.People are the most important resource available to me to build up a strong management team. I must be SMART in managing them when there is an issue, problem, demands or even crisis. I must be an effective leader. How? First I should be a good listener and willing to listen to problems and concerns my employee as a friend to get more concrete reading about their comments or problems. I should be giving positive reinforcement and is about asking or requesting them to do something not commanding them.I must posts influencing power and dont mind to get th e hands dirty to make my team to follow my recommendations and willing to works together with me. I must realize that I am not just a figure head or a boss To be a successful and effective CEO, it first comes from the way that you treat your staff or coworkers. I must know how to respect their ideas and not just simply brush them off and except use my own ideas. I must treat everyone equally and everyone feel like they are part of the group. When they are given full respect, they are more willing to give respect back and I will be able to gain more loyal followers.I also must involve them in some of the management process and valued them according to their contribution and commitments. I must do what is the best for the group and sometimes it involves making hard-boiled decisions and willing to take risks if it will benefit the whole. I should realize and remind myself that working with different personalities can be challenging especially when there is a project that needs to be done. I must know how to work with each of these different personalities and at the same time encourage and motivate them to get the job done.An effective CEO must be able to position my team according to their strength to get the best and most effective produce of them. As an effective CEO, I will be involved in the overall management process where people will be the most important asset. Why? Because every process from decision making, organization, leading and controlling, people will decide whether it will works effectively or not. The team commitment, competencies, loyalty and smack of responsibility will determine how far the company can achieve its goal.

Csr Polytechnic Case Study Essay

Statement of the problemConsidering that polytechnic saving margin Inc. A scrimping desire suffering from a cringe-evoking operational losses and capital deficiency due to its weak management, How would PSBI improve its unsatisfactory financial conditions and critically deficient performance? Objectives-To ensure the fulfilment of BOD in their duties and responsibilities under BSP circular 283 -To hire 3independent qualified ethical and depositworthy workers in replacement of the terminated president and the leniency of its successor -To comply BSP the infused additional capital of P5 Million-To immediately infuse the 57.4Million in the new capital to comply with the lower limit capital requirement for tightfistedness banks -To Strengthen the Banks risk management function in order to regain the trust back from its depositors and investorsAreas of consideration*EXTERNAL1. Legal/ semipolitical in its failure in fiduciary trust and confidence in financial institutions rather to h elp the capital markets and the economy it causes a great do on individual by the PBIs disregard of such corporate governance precept -PSBI must meet its required amount to enable to spread over its operation as a thrift bank but because of deficiency it can serve as a rural bank which has lesser minimum requirement that being a thrift bank given under BSP circular 283 BOD fulfil their duties and responsibilities2. Economy Polytechnic Savings Bank, Inc. operating as an economy in the use of resources created to serve as a community focused which needed P82M to play along operation and save thrift bank from tapered capital*Operating External factorsa) Workforce PSBIs BOD had no banking look, doing unethically acts or anomaliesb)Customers- individuals and small businessesc) Competitors- Other banksB. Internal Aspects1. Financial Aspects-It is said that PSBI has its unsatisfactory financial condition that the bank is unstable and cannot withstand adverse business conditions and f luctuations because of its poor financial ratios which it requires the amount of P55.2milion capital to gain and to fully continue its trading operations due to capital deficiency and loss. 2. Operational-PSBIs operation resulting from memorandum of undertaking (MOU) turned from bad to worse3. Management-the various financial anomalies undertaken by the management were found during the fraud and forensic audit of the bank therefore PSBIs improving such weak management because of failure in relapse functions and supervision on affairs inside bank premises.-A complete failure in the fiduciary responsibilities of the officers swotSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES-Wayward Group of companies (mother of PSBI)-failure in fiduciary trust-BOD had no experience in banking-Poor financial ratiosOPPORTUNITIES THREATS-Rehabilitation program-buyers, investors, depositors -adverse business conditions and fluctuations-stop operation as a thrift bankALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONA. Sell the bank instead working on the impression that the bank performance would not improve due to weak managementPros-To save thrift bank from capital deficiency with four dominance buyers (with an asking price of P10million to P30million)Cons-considering that P1.00 selling price for the bank would not even be a bargain -Not one expressed any real engagement to complete the purchase among these potential buyersB. Focus on Rehabilitation programPros Program designed to address the capital deficiency and operationallosses of the bank Cons Considering that PSBI has no choice left because PSBI is undergoing from a cringe-evoking operational losses and capital deficiency due to its weak management C.Improve the importance of corporate governance principle in Fiduciary trust and confidence in financial institution Pros-help strengthen the banks risk management function-To regain the trust back from other depositors and investors-To save the bank from its financial conditions and critically deficient performance-To help capital markets, economy, and each individual lives-To continue operation as a Thrift bank-To improve good governance, managerial and operational factors outside and inside bank premisesCons-considering theres a complete failure in the fiduciary responsibilities of the officersD. Conduct annual examinationPros -to have an annual report on financial operations showed on investors -Must encourage and provide an accurate and timely informations to their investors about financial status -To have a proper screening and access to PSBI banks employees and workers information in the internal management fields in actively oversight functions and supervise their affair of the bank -To avoid fraud and forensic audit of the bankCons-Considering that The Internal control system, which were supposed to provide a check and balance were all overridden to disregard

Mfn Status to India

MFN to India The Pakistani Perspective Research Paper 2012 Zoya Mohsin Awan BBA2K9(s) 4/24/2012 Hatred, spite, war a some of the many a(prenominal) things we associate with our neighboring country India. 1965, 1975 and the Kargil War of 1999 with Kashmir already a b ane of contention, Pakistan has skipped loops by merely bringing thought of granting Most Favored farming Status to India on the discussion t able-bodied. Since WTOs Charter requires every signatory to grant MFN status to other WTO members, there arent many ifs and exactlys to ponder.What really is open for debate is whether we want to swallow the pill now, on our terms, or later when it might be forced down our throats on somebody elses terms (India still hasnt taken the violation of this basic principle to WTO). No matter which stance we chose, one thing is indisputable this is the deal which defines the future course of Pakistan. And this is the deal which might be our chance of actually becoming what we counte nance the potential to become Pakistan. Introduction Pakistan and India have been down the stairs the lime-light ever since the partition of the sub-continent.During the 1960s, Pakistan was labeled the Asian tiger while India the Basket Case. Today however, the roles have been reversed. Through-out this period, the Indo-Pak wiliness kept showing a wide-ranging trend to the negative side as shown by the figure below The volume of trade has remained low generally. MFN works towards the liberalization of trade which not except would give a forward momentum to the integration of twain countries sparingally, but would also enhance their image on the international platform.Cheaper terms of production, mass meeting of skilled labor, education influx and the interest of the US and European economy into this region would help give the once coveted status of South Asia, back to the forces who originated it. Hence, a carefully reconciled MFN status should be granted to India in order to achieve the long-term prosperity of our country. The Economic Perspective After going with a large array of material debating this trim down, two schools of thoughts generally emerge the protagonists, who support the idea of non-discriminatory trade between some(prenominal) countries.And the antagonists, who believe such(prenominal) a measure, would just harm the economy by letting free-flow of cheaper Indian goods into the Pakistani market and well, narrow our options down on the Kashmir issue. The former debates, that by doing so not only do we get access to a potential market which is 8 to 9 times greater than ours, but it also gives us a dependable foundation of mutual dependence to minimize the security concerns across the border.India is swooping rooks and pawns off the sparing chess board towards becoming the third biggest economy of the world, forrader it orchestrates us up to a stalemate, this blank space could be put to advantage for both countries. After all, I ndia rousenot keep prospering in a sustained fashion if it neighbored by a nation terrorized by political and economic destabilization. So it would be an opportune time for Pakistan to bask in Indias glory. Practically speaking, this is the only way we could work towards a productive political debate for both the countries especially since the environmental strain after Mumbai attacks of 2008.After all, a long-standing peace arrangement can only nurture, if it contains within the deeply ingrained seed of mutual benefit. On the other hand, the antagonists argument that this free-trade would open the floodgates to cheaper Indian products which in turn could harm Pakistans economy majorly. However, this could be a positive impact upon the Pakistani consumer since they gain access to imported Indian goods at a lower price. We also have Taiwan, Hong Kong and even China who are on our MFN list and have bombarded us with fierce competition in the past.Yet if our industries did not cave i n to them and withheld own-selves then wherefore fear India? Besides, if the Pakistani market demands a particular good from India, MFN status or not, it would be smuggled cross border anyway so why not legalize it to perk our own interests. Take the example of the Indian Cinema, years and years of culture seeped by means of the media towards us, while the Wagha Border remained bolted shut. The only issue here is, the Pakistani tax-payer is paying far more than it usually would have due to the added layers of cost of go-between trade via Dubai.Conversely, this news has drawn a mingled reaction from all the quarters of the business community. Some, like the auto-parts, pharmaceuticals and consumer goods industries, face hard-hitting competition. They fear that India is yielding better quality goods at a lower cost of production due to the economies of scale. On the other hand, industries like textile, entertainment and agriculture are in favor of granting the Most Favored Nation status to India.These industries make out that trade estimated trade of almost $13 one thousand thousand with India is being carried out illegally via cross-border smuggling and personal baggage. Also, indirect trade of an approximate worth of aroung $3-4 billion via third parties like UAE, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh is costing us a higher mark-up since the intermediary adds up their cost as well. So it is better to legitimize this ongoing parade and reap some probable gain out of this situation. In support of this argument, I quote the former Finance Minister of Pakistan and Vice President of the humankind Bank, Shahid Javed Burki what economics told us is that when trade between a huge and small economy started, smaller economy always benefited from that and what I believe that at large level Pakistan would benefit, especially in industrial and agricultural sectors. Some sectors might get hurt, but not much as feared. Published in The speak Tribune, April 3rd, 2012. Free-t rade spurs competitiveness which would encourage our local industries to raise their standards and produce quality goods. It has never really hurt any country and all the benefits from recent experience in the European Union, Asian etc, are there for everyone to see.It would in fact take a page from the book of John Locke by helping us remove a roughhewn ground of mutual-coexistence and economic interdependence to rely upon. The Regional Perspective South East Asia by abroad-spectrum consensus is the least integrated of regions economically due to the disparity and animosity between Pakistan and India. Regional cooperation is must to decoy heavy investment in todays globalised world. Diminutive and splintered markets do not attract endowment by substantial investors.The European Union may be struggling to save the euro but one of Europes most solid successes is the creation of the frontier-free single market where goods, services and people can circulate untrammeled by border re moroseions. Similarly, Association of South East Asian Markets (ASEAN) is working(a) towards building a common market for the whole region by following the European Unions lead. It is high time India and Pakistan set parenthesis their differences (or at least take small steps towards resolving them) for the overall welfare of the whole region.If we create an economic bloc like the sorts of EU or Middle-East, it would ensure a better bargaining position vis-a-vis other countries. Within the protective walls of regional economies, both countries would achieve specialization in versatile sub-sectors of the industry. Moreover, the strengthening of bilateral trade would provide a mutual cushion against financial or stock market shocks. With these two countries forging into one economic causation, all of South Asia could become a better place monetarily.Another aspect of the MFN status would be to incr heartsease the connectivity with central Asia. If Indian goods are permitted to tr ansit through Pakistan, then the whole region will benefit. For illustration, the Indian state of Punjab is several thousand kilometers away from the seaports, but the farmers there and in the nearby states would be able to send their agricultural products to Central Asia if these are allowed freely through Pakistan. Same goes for Indian textiles and all the landlocked states which would be facilitated by their proximity to the Pakistani ports.The advent of MFN status will also help complete the implementation of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline, as a new environment of trust and cooperation prevails. Even more significantly, innate gas via pipeline will provide the Indian and energy deprived Pakistani industry with a massive boost in sectors ranging from petrochemicals to fertilizers electric power production will increase dramatically and a myriad of new commercial uses will be supported. In return Pakistan could profit from the easy transit pay t hat it would receive as a royalty and it would only be possible if MFN status is rendered toIndia. Social Perspective Trade is one social mobilizer which would generate benefits for both countries as well as their people. Talking about Pakistan singularly, 61. 3% of the people (according to the HDI reports) in Pakistan live below the poverty line. With a 15. 4% unemployment rate, Pakistan should not antecede any opportunity that provides job opportunities to its masses. Poverty is but a challenge that can be overcome by pursuing sustained pro-poor policies. One such policy is the granting of MFN status to India and lifting the trade barriers across border.India is a huge market and would provide a smaller country like Pakistan with access to a greater market and increase the demand for their product. This in turn would hoist the output and employment levels in both countries. Secondly, Since India shares a border with us, the freight cost and ease of access would increase the flow of a diverse product base at a lower cost, saving our countrys foreign exchange substantially. Pakistan could have entree to quality products in sectors like IT, electronics, transport gear etc.Thirdly, this legitimization might curb social atrocities like smuggling and illicit trade. This would increase the political science revenue for Pakistan since all the goods would be traded under their accord. Another faucet where India surpasses many others in this region is its IT infrastructure. India is expected to contain the next Silicon Valley of the vitamin C considering its growth in the IT sector. Pakistan could benefit immensely from the inflow of this technology while India could gain advantage by the progress Pakistan has made in its agriculture and industry.Both countries could equilibrate each others needs and strengths and hence prove beneficial to their people. The Cultural Perspective With the advent of the prospect of MFN policy, both countries have started aiming toward s more kind business conditions hence easier visa-processing procedures have been bought on the discussion table since November 14, 2011. This would invigorate the static tourism industry between both countries. Both have many historical and religious places significant to the other.This would not only generate additional foreign exchange revenue, it would also help increase the people-to-people contact between both countries. Eventually, once the masses start interacting, peace would follow automatically between both regions. Generally, the relations between once brethren Pakistani and Indians are cordial and friendly. A common example would be how well Pakistanis and Indians gel when theyre living abroad, out of the influence of their respectively acid medias. Delegations of trade bodies, academics, artists, sportsmen, social scientists and media personnel could be exchanged.This would invoke the once unbreakable cultural bond between both nations considering how much value we p lace upon common games like cricket and hockey. Threats and Concerns Although the benefits of granting the inevitable MFN status to India are tremendous, every step Pakistan takes should be guarded and well-thought of. There is no harm in protecting ones own-self against any potential threats that might occur due to any hasty move we make, after all there are years of enmity that we need to overcome before taking huge steps.Firstly, WTO provisions allow members to impose safeguards restricting imports (for temporary periods) should such imports unfairly or seriously ruin domestic producers. Pakistan should rightfully use this clause in case Indian goods start flooding the Pakistani market and ruin local producers. After all, trade should be liberalized but not at the cost of local industries. The second issue that should be considered is that India, despite its liberalization of trade to Pakistan in 1993, is still a restricting domain to us due to high tariff and non-tariff barrier s.Prohibitive NTBs have made our exports to India super expensive while the trade deficit tilts highly towards Pakistan. We should bring this issue on the WTO summits and appeal to India to either reduce these NTBs and other trade restricting clauses or grant a similar status quo to India. Pakistans business community generally has reservations because it does not have competitive pricing in many industries and goods. The automotive and pharmaceutical industries are prime examples of fear at granting India access to our market.In order to maintain local stabilization, we need to have all stakeholders to this situation aboard before we chalk out any expressed plan. Concessions should be granted to concerned parties for instance, the automobile industry should be assured that auto-parts would be imported instead of wholly assembled cars. Unbridled, unmanaged and uncontrolled liberalization of trade would lead to chaos in any economy huge or small. Or policies could be formulated in such a way that they would be strict at first (as Indias have been since 1993) and then slowly tighten the nose and India shows signs of economic conciliation.Conclusion In retrospect, is it really possible for Pakistan to identify India with bilateral economic prosperity, cross-border trade of culture, and easier visa transit? Political differences between India and Pakistan aside, there is no harm in trading with each other. Our leaders must take into setting long-term benefits. India has a much better managed economy, but it cannot afford openness. On the other hand, Pakistans economy is not so closed, and it could take advantage in this regard.Pakistan, like other developing countries, has strong interest in the maintenance and strengthening of the multilateral rules-based trading system represented by the WTO. The current situation in South Asia indicates that there are large unexploited opportunities for intra-regional trade that could be mutually beneficial. Diplomatic effo rts towards this objective however utopian, is well perceived to be the beginning of soft-ties between both countries. After all, it is said that where diplomacy ends the potential for war begins to take shape.Bibliography 1) Beteille, T. (2011). Pakistans Most Favored Nation Status to India A Win-Win for the Region? blogs. worldbank. org . 2) Brown, C. (2006). The Implications of Liberalization of Trade with India. 3) Dr Monnoo, Kamal (2012). MFN status to India An analysis www. nation. com. pk. 4) Gupta, Sorojit. (2012). Pakistan to grant MFN status to India this year. www. timesofindia. com. 5) Dawn Newspaper and Articles. 1 . http//www. ishtiaqahmad. com/item_display. aspx? isting_id=725&listing_type=1 2 . http//blogs. worldbank. org/endpovertyinsouthasia/pakistan%E2%80%99s-most-favored-nation-status-india-win-win-region 3 . http//www. eastasiaforum. org/2011/12/03/what-the-most-favoured-nation-decision-means-for-india-and-pakistan/ 4 . http//www. himalmag. com/component/ content/article/3644-magic-pipes. html 5 . http//nayyab. wordpress. com/2010/05/08/rising-unemployment-in-pakistan/ 6 . http//www. aninews. in/newsdetail2/story22210/india-welcomes-trade-ties-with-pak-eyes-mfn-visa-easing-process. html

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay

Schizophrenia is a affable illness that is chronic and severe. It can be a disabling illness that affects men and women with the same ratio or frequency. This term is from a Greek word that means having a split mind. Though this engagement in medical examination terms is non accurate. The Western perception of this illness is their belief that the term is equal to a disorder of split somebodyality. They receive been found to be very(prenominal) distinct mental disorders. People afflicted with dementia praecox do not manifest split personalities.Schizophrenia is an illness hat affects the mind and is characterized by the handicap of perceptions and manifestations of reality. Schizophrenia has five classifications. The first is the paranoid type where hallucinations and delusions ar present provided there is absence of disorganize behavior, persuasion disorder and active flattening. The disorganized type of schizophrenia drop deads when active flattening and thought disor der argon both present. Catatonic schizophrenia occurs when there is evidence of psychomotor disturbances. there is the presence of psyc fervidic person symptoms in the undifferentiated type merely there is also absence of criteria for the other types of schizophrenia. The residual type is wherein all the symptoms of the mental disorder is present at low level of intensity. Signs and symptoms for pile with schizophrenia suffer from delusions and false faith in their personal convictions despite the presentation of evidence disproving the matter. This symptom is not explained by a persons cultural background and orientation.Those afflicted also suffer from hallucinatory perceptions that can manifest when there is a lack of out-of-door diversion. The most common type of hallucination is the hearing of voices and other sounds. There is also the manifestation of disorganized attitude, behavior and thoughts. Speech is also incoherent and disorganized. The person suffering from this ty pe of mental disorder display catatonic behavior wherein the persons body may become rigid and unresponsive. The causes of schizophrenia are unknown. There are a lot of factors that are said to be involved with the formation of this illness.There is an interaction between genetics, biology, psychology and the surroundings that leads to the mental disorder. Medical science does not have a full understanding of all the causes and other concerns connect to the mental disorder. Recent research and medical studies is slowly but surely shows improvement and progress that would sustain define the causes of schizophrenia and their explanation. An affix in the dopaminergic activity that is inside the mesolimbic pathway of the brain is a constant quantity and significant conclusion (Bentall 2005).Data gathered from a PET subject field shows suggestions that the lesser frequency the frontal lobes are activated during a task that involves a working memory there is a greater annex in the abnormality of dopamine activity in the striatum that is though to be related to deficits in neurocognition in schizophrenia. While the credibility of the diagnosis has introduced many difficulties in the measurement of the relative effect of genes and the factor of environment, more and more evidence have suggested that environmental and genetic factors can combine and create a reaction that would lead to the mental disorder of schizophrenia.Suggestions have also been made regarding the diagnosis of schizophrenia had an important genetic composition but that is influenced by the stressors or factors relating to the environment. The concept of a vulnerability that can be inherited from by some people can be destroyed by psychological, biological and environmental stressors. This is known as the stress-diathesis model. The idea that psychological, biological and social factors is more significant is called the biopsychosocial model in analyzing the causes of schizophrenia (Goldner, H su 2002).The approximate degree and frequency of hereditary causes in schizophrenia has a tendency to vary because of the difficulty in the separation of the effects of the environment and genetics. Twin studies have both suggested that there is a high rate of cases involving schizophrenia caused by genetic factors. It is possible that schizophrenia is a mental stop that is complicated in hereditary nature with many genes likely interacting to augment the risk of schizophrenia or the separate parts that can also occur that will lead to its diagnosis.Studies in genetics have implied that genes that increase the risk for the development of schizophrenia are not specific and may also increase the risk of development of other psychotic disorders. A breakthrough in recent research also suggested that very rare copies or omissions of small deoxyribonucleic acid sequences within the genes that are known as copy number variants were also related to the increased rate of risk for the deve lopment of schizophrenia (Noll 2006). It has also been thought that factors that cause schizophrenia can combine in the early development of the human brain during pregnancy.This would later increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. One finding that raised a great amount of curiosity is that people who were diagnosed with the mental illness is said to have been more possibly born in terpsichore or winter in those living in the northern hemisphere of the planet. There is current evidence that exposure to infections during the prenatal stage can increase the risk of the development of schizophrenia in the age of maturity. This finding provides additional proof that linked the utero-developmental pathology with the risk of developing the mental disorder.Social conditions also help the increased risk of schizophrenia. People who are living in a highly urbanized environment have been found out to be undetermined to great risk of being afflicted with the mental disorder. Poverty, p oor living conditions and social status has also been found to contribute to the risk factor. Migration of people that is related to social problems like racial discrimination, unemployment and people coming from broken families also become factors of developing schizophrenia.There has been an implication made regarding the risk factor of childhood abuse and trauma that can cause schizophrenia later on in life. Lack of support and family dysfunctions also increase the risk but not directly connected to parenting. Substance use have also been found to increase the risk of schizophrenia but the relationship of this link is found to be complex. There has been some difficulty in distinguishing a clear relationship of substance use and the mental disorder. There is also solid evidence that the usage of certain illegal substances can start the onset or relapse of the mental illness in some people.These people who were diagnosed with schizophrenia use these substances to control negative emotions that comes with the intake of anti-psychotic medication and the mental condition itself. Negative feelings of paranoia and anhedonia were considered to be primary characteristics. The ingestion of amphetamines can trigger the brain to release dopamine that would increase dopamine activity. It is this excessive increase in activity that it is known to be partially responsible for the manifestation of psychotic symptoms of the mental disorder.This is partially supported by the idea that amphetamines can worsen the symptoms present in schizophrenia. This type of mental disorder can be triggered by heavy usage of stimulants and hallucinogens. One study has suggested the that the use of cannabis contributes to the occurrence of psychosis though some researchers suspect that the use of this substance was only a small part of the many factors of schizophrenia (Green 2002). There is also a number of psychological reasons that have been implicated in the development and sustainabil ity of schizophrenia.A number of cognitive biases have been named in those that have been diagnosed and those that are at risk especially when there is the application of stress or in a state of confusion overly increased attention to voltage threats, arriving at conclusions and impaired reasoning. There is also the manifestation of difficulty in differentiating from inner speech mechanism to one coming from an external entity and difficulty in retaining concentration. Case Studies Anxiety Tom is an engineer, he is happily married, and he is the father of three bright, healthy children.By all appearances, his life is stable and satisfying. Tom, however, suffers from continual take that he has a difficult time turning off. His anxiety may center on anything from his perceived health problems (he has recently been to his doctor for a physical, but no health issues were discovered) to money and job responsibilities. At times his anxiety peaks to the point that it interferes with his ability to function on the job. Physical symptoms include muscle tension, headaches, and hot flashes that often accompany Toms anxiety.Tom often feels nauseated, and he becomes easily fatigued. When he feels anxious, Tom has difficulty concentrating, he becomes irritable, and he has difficulty travel asleep at night. All of these symptoms have been present for the last 6 months. Tom has tried to talk himself out of his anxiety, but this has not worked for him. Toms wife is supportive, but she does not know what to do for her husband (Hauser, 2005). Neural circuitry involving the amygdala and hippocampus is thought to underlie anxiety.When confronted with unpleasant and potentially harmful stimuli such as muddy odors or tastes, PET-scans show increased bloodflow in the amygdala. Possible mechanism is malfunction in the parabrachial nucleus, a structure in the brain, that among other functions, coordinates signals from the amygdala with input concerning balance. The amygdala is inv olved in the emotion of fear. Biochemical factors come into play. Low levels of GABA, a neurotransmitter that reduces overactivity in the central nervous system, contributes to anxiety. A number of anxiolytics achieve their effect by modulating the GABA receptors.

A New Approach to Portfolio Matrix Analysis for Marketing Planning

A NEW APPROACH TO PORTFOLIO MATRIX ANALYSIS FOR STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING 1 2 Vladimir Dobric , Boris Delibasic capacity of constitutional science, emailprotected rs 2 Faculty of validational science, delibasic. emailprotected rs 1 Abstract Portfolio hyaloplasm is probably the most important tool for strategical foodstuffing planning, especi ally in the dodge selection stage. Position of the organization in the portfolio matrix and its corresponding marketing strategy depends on the compendium of cherishs of relevant strategic factors. Traditional snuggle to portfolio matrix analysis uses averaging start as an gathering operator.This cost is very limited in realistic line of products environment characterized by complex relations among strategic factors. An innovative approach to portfolio matrix analysis, presented in this paper, flowerpot be used to express complex interaction amidst strategic factors. The new approach is based on the ratiocinative ingathering operator, a generalized collection operator from which other aggregation operators can be obtained as special baptistrys. Example of tralatitious approach to portfolio matrix analysis given in this paper all the way projects its inherited limitations.The new approach applied to the kindred example eliminates weaknesses of traditional one and facilitates strategic marketing planning in realistic avocation environment. Key words Portfolio matrix analysis, strategic marketing planning, logical aggregation, aggregation operator. 1. INTRODUCTION The portfolio matrix analysis is widely used in strategic management 2, 3, 6. It offers a view of the part of the organization in its environment and suggests generic strategies for the incoming. Some of the most frequently used portfolio matrices are the ADL (developed by Arthur D.Little), the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) and the GE (General Electric) McKinsey matrix. Other models that can be considered as versions or adaptations of the original GE McKinsey matrix are the Shell directional policy matrix and McDonalds directional policy matrix (DPM) that is used in this paper. The lotion of any of these portfolio matrices can be, roughly, divided into dickens stages the first stage, which includes the analysis of the barter prepare of the organization, and the second stage in which the strategies that should be used in future are recommended based on the estimated target.The difference in the midst of aforementioned matrices lies in number and meaning of factors used in the analysis process as wellspring as in the number and generality of recommended strategies. It is common for all the portfolio matrices that the stick of the organization in a portfolio matrix is based on estimated determine of ii factors the one describing external environment (market attractiveness in DPM) and the other describing inner characteristics of the organization compared to the major competitors ( demarcation strengths/ congeal in DPM).On the basis of portfolio matrix analysis , a generic marketing strategy is recommended based on an organizations position in the portfolio matrix. In the portfolio matrix analysis, values of two factors describing external and interior environment are estimated as aggregations of values of strategic factors influencing respective environment. The choice of the most adequate aggregation divisions depends on the condition in which organization operates, i. e. an aggregation functions describing external and inner environment should have a behaviour which models organizations external and internal environment conditions respectively.In the traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis, weight down arithmetic mean is comm scarcely used as an aggregation function. This aggregation operator describes an averaging behaviour, thus, it can be used to model bloodline environment in which high and low values of strategic factors average each other. In the realistic bu siness environment strategic factors can interact in a more complex port, i. e. they can average each other, reinforce or weaken each other (disjunctive or conjunction behaviour), or exhibit conglomerate forms of mixed interactions 2, 3, 6.It is clear that the use of burthen arithmetic mean as an aggregation operator cant express all the feasible interactions between strategic factors that exist in a realistic business environment. This explains why the traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis is highly limited, with the inherited weaknesses that cant be overcome without substantial modification. Therefore, under previous conditions, it is obvious that a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis is needed.This new approach must dribble in consideration all the viable forms of interactions between strategic factors that can occur in a realistic business environment. These interactions can be explicit with a logical aggregation operator, so a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis can be based on this operator. W eighted arithmetic mean and other known aggregation operators are just, as we will see in the following sections, special cases of logical aggregation operator. 2. THE MCDONALDS directional POLICY MATRIX (DPM)Although the DPM, like other models of portfolio matrices, attempts to define an organizations strategic position and strategy alternatives, this objective cant be met without considering what is meant by the term organization. The accepted level at which an organization can be analysed using the DPM is that of the strategic business unit. The most common comment of an SBU is as follows 3 (1) It will have common segments and competitors for most of the products (2) It will be a competitor in an external market (3) It is a discrete, separate and recognizable unit 4) Its manager will have control over most of the areas critical to success. DPM has two dimensions each built up from a number of factors (1) securities industry at tractiveness and (2) Business strengths/position. Using these factors, and some scheme for charge them according to their importance, strategic business units are classified into one of nine cells in a 3 X3 matrix. Each cell is connected to a generic strategy recommended by the DPM. Factors used to form aggregated dimensions of DPM vary according to concrete share in which SBU operates. remonstrate that previous explanations taken rom 3 suggest weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation operator, thus, traditional approach to DPM analysis only considers a case of averaging behaviour between strategic factors. That is only one of the possible interactions between strategic factors that can occur in realistic business environment. Other possible interactions like conjunction, disjunction or mixed interaction can t be modelled by using weighted sum of factors as an aggregation operator. Definitions of market attractiveness and business strengths/positions dimensions are g iven in 3. Market attractiveness is a measure of the market ass potential to yield growth in sales and profits. It is important to highlight the need for an objective assessment of market attractiveness using data from the organizations external environment. The criteria themselves will, of course, be inflexible by the organization carrying out the exercise and will be relevant to the objectives the organization is trying to achieve, but they should be independent of the organizations position in its m arkets 3. Business strengths/position is a measure of organizations actual strengths in the marketplace (i. . the degree to which it can take utility of a market opportunity). Thus, it is an objective assessment of an organizations ability to satisfy market needs congress to competitors. DPM, together with generic marketing strategy options is groundn in Picture 1. Picture 1 Directional policy matrix 3. TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO DIRECTIONAL POLICY MATRIX ANALYSIS In this section, traditional a pproach to DPM analysis using simple example will be presented, highlighting its inherited limitations originating from using non-adequate aggregation functions.Tables 1 and 2 are slight modification of tables that are used in DPM analysis example in 3 on pages 202 and 203, where market attractiveness and business strengths/position are evaluated by using weights and tons of relevant strategic factors. The only modification applied on tables in 3 is the normalization of weights, scores and corresponding evaluations to 0, 1 interval. This is done with simple transformation, which is cover in the following sections. Table 1 Market attractiveness evaluation Strategic factor (Fi) Score (si) numerate (M) 0. 25 0. 25 0. 5 0. 15 0. 1 0. 1 1. Growth 2. Profitability 3. Size 4. Vulnerability 5. Competition 6. Cyclicality W eight (wi) 0. 6 0. 9 0. 6 0. 5 0. 8 0. 25 0. 15 0. 225 0. 09 0. 075 0. 08 0. 25 Total 1 0. 645 Table 2 Business strengths/position evaluation Strategic factor (Fi) 7. Pr ice 8. Product 9. Service 10. count on Total W eight (wi) 0. 5 0. 25 0. 15 0. 1 1 You company Competitor A Competitor C Score (si) Total (B) Score Total (A) Score Total (C) 0. 5 0. 6 0. 8 0. 6 0. 25 0. 15 0. 12 0. 06 0. 6 0. 8 0. 4 0. 5 0. 3 0. 2 0. 06 0. 05 0. 4 1 0. 6 0. 3 0. 2 0. 25 0. 09 0. 03 . 58 0. 61 0. 57 Market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) are evaluated using weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation function of scores s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 given for relevant strategic factors F1, , F10 using weights w1, , w10 M = w1 s1 + w2 s2 + w3 s3 + w4 s4 + w5 s5 + w6 s6 = 0. 645 (1) B = w7 s7 + w8 s8 + w9 s9 + w10 s10 = 0. 58 (2) The aforementioned(prenominal) equations can be given in matrix form M = W M SM (3) B = W B SB (4) where M and B are market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation respectively, W M = w1, T , w6 and SM = s1, , s6 are weighting and scoring vectors for market attractiveness strategic factors , T and W B = w7, , w 10 and SB = s7, , s10 are weighting and scoring vectors for business strengths/position strategic factors. Notice that the exact position of the organization on the DPM is non given with business strengths/position value (B), but the relative business strengths/position value (BR), since business strengths/position is actually a measure of organizational abilities (B) (internal environment) relative to the competitors (i. e. respective abilities of market leader) 3.In our example market leader is Competitor A (from Table 2), thus, organizations relative business strengths/position value (BR) is careful as BR = B/A (5) Relative business strengths/position value (BR) is then(prenominal) plotted on the horizontal axis of the DPM using a logarithmic scale 3. These explanations are not of importance for the domain of our investigation, so no futher considerations regarding relative business strengths/position value (BR) and DPM plotting are given. In the rest of this paper, the only c onsideration will be given to market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) evaluation.W eighted arithmetic mean used for an aggregation function assumes that the interactions between strategic factors show averaging behavior, i. e. it is used to model business environment in which values of strategic factors average each other. This is the mayor drawback of traditional DPM analysis. Realistic business environment demands more modelling power for more complex factors interactions. Besides averaging, strategic factors can reinforce or weaken each other (disjunctive or conjunctive behaviour respectively), or exhibit heterogeneous forms of interactions which are neither strictly averaging, conjunctive or disjunctive, but mixed, i. . aggregation function exhibits different behaviour on different parts of the domain (mixed behaviour). Under these circumstances, it is obvious that a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis demands an usage of different aggregation operat or, the one capable of modelling all the possible interactions between strategic factors that can take place in a realistic business environment. The paper presents an approach to portfolio matrix analysis, using logical aggregation operator, which eliminates weaknesses of traditional one. If we return to ur example shown in Tables 1 and 2, we can restate possible business external and internal environment conditions in the following way 1) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show averaging behaviour, i. e. scores s1, , s6 or s7, , s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can average each other using weights w1, , w10. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position are evaluated as shown in equations (1) and (2) , or in their matrix equivalents (3) and (4). ) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show conjunctive be haviour, i. e. scores s1, , s6 or s7, ,s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can weaken each other. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation depends upon the lowest score among the relevant factors M = min(s1, , s6) (6) B = min(s7, , s10) (7) 3) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show disjunctive behaviour, i. e. cores s1, , s6 or s7, , s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can reinforce each other. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation depends upon the highest score among the relevant factors M = max(s1, , s6) (8) B = max(s7, , s10) (9) 4) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show mixed behaviour. For example, scores s1, ,s6 or s7, ,s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can average, reinforce and weaken each other depending on their values.Thus, t he aggregation function can be conjunctive for low scores, disjunctive for high scores, and perhaps averaging when some scores are high and some are low (different behaviour of aggregation function on different parts of the domain). Example for this kind of aggregation functions behaviour will be given in the following sections. arranged aggregation operator can express all previous types of interactions, so it naturally imposes itself as a replacement to weighted arithmetic mean aggregation operator in the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis.Notice that interactions between strategic factors from organizations external environment (market attractiveness factors) and those from organizations internal environment ( business strengths/position factors) are not recognized in traditional approach to DPM analysis 3. If those interactions can be recognized, they can easily be integrated into the model in the new approach. In the following section basic theory of logical aggregation will be briefly examined. afterward examining the theory, a simple example of new approach to portfolio matrix analysis using Tables 1 and 2 will be presented. . LOGICAL AGGREGATION gathering functions are functions with special properties. The purpose of aggregation functions (they are also called aggregation operators, both terms are used interchangeably in the existing literature) is to accept inputs and produce output, where the inputs are typically interpreted as degrees of preference, strength of evidence or support of hypothesis 1. If we consider a finite set of inputs I = i1, , in, we can aggregate them into single representative value by using infinitely many aggregation functions.They are grouped in various families such as means, triangular norms and conor ms, Choquet and Sugeno integral, uninorms and nullnorms, and many others 1. The question arises how to chose the most suitable aggregation function for a specific application. This question can be answered by choosi ng logical aggregation function a generalized aggregation operator that can be reduced to any other known one. Logical aggregation is an aggregation method that combines inputs and produces output using logical aggregation operator 4, 5.In a general case logical aggregation is carrried out in two distinct steps 1) Normalization of input values which results in a generalized logical and/or 0, 1 value of analyzed input ij ? ? ? I 0, 1 (10) 2) accretion of normalized values of inputs into resulting globaly representative value with a logical aggregation operator n Aggr 0, 1 0, 1 (11) The first step explains the reason for modification of tables from 3 in previous section, in order to obtain Tables 1 and 2 with normalized values of strategic factors scores on which logical aggregation operator can be applied.Operator of logical aggregation in a general case (Aggr ) is a pseudo-logical function ( ), a linear convex combination of generalized Boolean polynomials ( ) 4, 5 Aggr (? i1? , , ? in? ) = (? i1? , , ? in? ) = ? wj? j? (? i1? , , ? in? ) (12) where (? ) is a generalized product operator and (? ) is an aggregation measure as defined in 4, 5. Generalized Boolean polynomial is a value realization of Boolean logical function ?. Boolean logical function is an element of Boolean algebra of inputs ? (i1, , in) ?BA(I), to which corresponds uniquely a generalized Boolean polynomial (? i1? , , ? in? ) as its value 0, 1 0, 1 n (13) Logical aggregation operator depends on the chosen measure of aggregation (? ) and operator of generalized product (? ). By a corresponding choice of the measure of aggregation (? ) and generalized product (? ) the known aggregation operators can be obtained as special cases 4, 5, e. g. for additive aggregation measure (? = ? add) and generalized product (? = min) logical aggregation operator reduces to weighted arithmetic mean Aggradd in (? i1? , , ? in? ) = ? wj (? ij? ) (14) After considering basic theory of logical aggreg ation, we can return to the domain of our investigation. In the following section the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis will be presented thoroughly using the same data from Tables 1 and 2. 5. A NEW APPROACH TO PORTFOLIO MATRIX ANALYSIS If we consider again Tables 1 and 2, and four cases of possible business environment conditions as defined in Section 3, we can design new aggregation functions that model all the aforementi oned conditions using logical aggregation operator.In this section an example to all four types of strategic factors interactions will be given, together with logical functions modeling them. A starting point for the new approach to portfolio matrix anal ysis is a finite set of strategic factors F = F1, , F10 and a Boolean algebra BA(F), defined over it. The task of logical aggregation in DPM analysis is the fusion of strategic factors scores into resulting market attractiveness and business strengths/position values using logical tools. Logical aggregat ion has two steps (1) Normalization of strategic factors scores (score Sj corresponds to factor Fj as its predefined value) ? ? Sj 0, 1 (15) that results in a logical and/or score sj ? 0, 1 of analyzed strategic factor Fj (j = 1.. F). Normalization of scores in S is done with simple transformation. In the original tables in 3, score (Sj) of strategic factor (Fj) belongs to interval 0.. 10, e. g. Strategic factor Growth (F1) has score S1 = 6 in the original table in 3. The normalized score (s1) for this factor (F1) is given in Table 1 with the following equation s1 = 6/10 = 0. 6 (16) The same transformation is applied to the rest of the strategic factors in tables in 3, resulting in Tables 1 and 2. 2) Aggregation of normalized scores s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 of factors F1, , F10 into resulting market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) values with a logical aggregation operator M = Aggr (s1, , s6) (17) B = Aggr (s7, , s10) (18) Aggregation of scores s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 for strategic factors F1, , F10 is accomplished using generalized Boolean polynomials (? M? ) and (? B? ) Aggr (s1, , s6) = ? M? (s1, , s6) = ? M(F1, , F6)? (19) Aggr (s7, , s10) = ? B? (s7, s10) = ? B(F7, , F10)? (20) Generalized Boolean polynomials ? M? (s1, , s6) and ? B? (s7, , s10) are value realizations of Boolean logical functions ? M(F1, , F6) and ? B(F7, , F10), which belong to Boolean algebra of strategic factors BA(F). Notice that interactions between strategic factors from organizations external environment (market attractiveness factors) and those from organizations internal environment (business strengths/position factors) are not stated in 3. If they exist, they can easily be integrated into the model.Adequate generalized product operator (? ) in the domain of portfolio matrix analysis is min operator (? = min). If we return to the possible business environment conditions stated in Section 3, we can formulate logical functions to express corr esponding types of interactions between the strategic factors 1) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show averaging behaviour, then the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis reduces to traditional one, as stated in equations (1) and (2), or matrix equivalents (3) and (4). ) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show conjunctive behaviour, they are expressed in the following way ? M = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 (21) ?B = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 (22) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = and, ? = min) M = Aggrand (s1, , s6) = ? M min B = Aggrand min = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 min (s7, , s10) = ? B min min = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 min(s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) = 0. 25 (23) min (24) = min(s7, s8, s9, s10) = 0. 5 3) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show disjunctive behaviour, they are expressed in the following way ? M = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 (25) ?B = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 (26) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = or, ? = min) M = Aggror (s1, , s6) = ? M min min = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 min max(s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) = 0. 9 (27) B = Aggror (s7, , s10) = ? B min min = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 min = max(s7, s8, s9, s10) = 0. 8 (28) 4) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show mixed behaviour (aggregation function exhibits different behaviour on different parts of the domain), they can be modelled with the following logical functions, e. g. realistic external and internal business environment, where strategic factors show mixed behaviour, can be modelled as ?If the external environment conditions are that profitabilty (F2), size (F3) and cyclicality (F6) are important, but if the profitability (F2) is not high enough, growth (F1), exposure (F4) and competition (F5) are important, we can write the following expression ?M = (F2 ? F3 ? F6) ? (c(F2) ? F1 ? F4 ? F5) (29) ? If the internal environment conditions are that impairment (F7) and product (F8) are important, but if the price (F7) and product (F8) are not competitive, service (F9) and image (F10) are important, we can write the following expression ?B = (F7 ? F8) ? (c(F7 ? F8) ?F9 ? F10) (30) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation, for organizations external and internal environment conditions respectively, are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = min) M = Aggr? (s1, , s6) = ? M = (F2 ? F3 ? F6) ? (c(F2) ? F1 ? F4 ? F5) = = s2 ? s3 ? s6 + (1 s2) ? s1 ? s4 ? s5 s2 ? s3 ? s6 ? (1 s2) ? s1 ? s4 ? s5 = 0. 25 (31) B = Aggr? (s7, , s10) = ? B = (F7 ? F8) ? (c(F7 ? F8) ? F9 ? F10) = = s7 ? s8 + (1 (s7 ? s8)) ? s9 ? s10 s7 ? s8 ? (1 (s7 ? s8)) ? s9 ? s10 = 0. 6 (32) min min min min min minRemember that when plotting the DPM, the exact position of the organization on the business strengths/position axis (horizontal) is calculated using relative business strengths/position value (BR) and logarithmic scale (see equation (5)), for all aforementioned types of strategic factors interactions . 5. CONCLUSION Traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis uses weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation function, thus, it can only be used to model business environment in which strategic factors interactions show averaging behavior. This is only one of the four cases of realistic business environment conditions, i. . strategic factors interactions showing conjunction, disjunction or mixed behavior are not covered in the traditional approach. The new approach uses generalized aggregation function operator of logical aggregation. This operator can model all the possible business environment con ditions types of interactions between the strategic factors. This paper shows that traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis is just a special case of the new one, since the weighted arithmetic mean is actually a special case of logical aggregation operator.Usage of logical aggregation operator in the new approach clearly improves the traditional one, allowing more modeling power for complex relations among the strategic factors. Since the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis covers all four types of strategic factors interactions, it facilitates strategic marketing planning in a realistic business environment. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Beliakov G. , Pradera A. , Calvo T. , Aggregation functions A guide for practitioners , Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heilderberg, 2007. 2 Leibold M. Probst G. J. B. , Gibbert M. , Strategic Management in the Knowledge Economy, Wiley VCH, 2005. 3 McDonald Malcolm, marketing Plans (fourth edition), Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. 4 Radojevic D. , Logica l aggregation based on interpolative Boolean algebra, Mathware & Soft Computing, 15 (2008) 125 -141. 5 Radojevic D. , (0,1) valued logic A natural generalization of Boolean logic, Yugoslav Journal of operational Research, 10 (2000) 185 216. 6 Roney C. W. , Strategic Management Methodology, Praeger Publishers, 2004.

Peculiarities of Promotion in B2B and B2C

?Leysan Zigangirova, group 1409, Marketing Department Relative importance of promotional tools in consumer and industrial market. Figure 4. 1 shows proportion of promotional tools in b2c and b2b market. Its evident, that advertizing is on the first place in promoting consumer goods. Producers of these goods try to cover mass audience and advertising is an optimum variant. intimately all the population is in touch with media, including TV, radio and newspapers, or target see billboards or advertising placards, so the information about product or service can easily achieve them.Of course, hither comes the question why personal selling is not so popular here. First of all, its because of destine cover. Personal selling is aimed to each customer, so its impossible to communicate with everybody. And secondly, the proportion between wrong and result makes this tool irrational vast sums of money will be spent out, but the in that location will be no confidence in gross sales increasin g. On the other hand is industrial or b2b market, where personal selling is on the top.And this result is understandable. The target audience here is not the homo in the street, but representative of business, the professional, so its better to use personal approach. And advertising campaigns are not so effective here advertising reaches a mass audience, personal or target selling focuses on one customer at a time. Besides, industrial products and services are to a greater extent sophisticated and require detailed explanation, customized application, or careful negotiation over price and payment plan.The sales rep helps the customer identify problems, works out a variety of solutions, assists the buyer in making decisions, and provides arrangements for long-term service. Does advertising do the same? Unfortunately, doesnt. And in b2b market all of the enumerated points are key to the success in business. If we continue examination of promotional instruments, we will see that usa ge of other tools is the same. Both b2b and b2c use sales promotion in order to increase sales volume, as an addition to personal selling and advertising. And overly public relations are on the lowest position as the near unpopular tool.This can be explained by the result of PR it builds image, reputation, not sales. Very few companies use this form of promoting, because most of them put profit on the first place, and the image of the company on the second. Only after some(prenominal) years of stable position in the market they turn to PR. So, to make a conclusion, I motivation to say that its important to remember that choosing promotional tool depends on the market, where you do business. Businessmen should dish out it into consideration, if they dont want to flow out their money without worthy result.

The Strange Ride of Morrowbie

In Rudyard Kiplings trading floor The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes there argon many aspects of the Indias traditions and customs. But ane custom that is strongly present though out the twaddle is the role of the Indian rank dodge. Within individually character you argon taken into the five levels of the order form. The caste establishment has been present in Indian culture for as far rear end as their history can be traced. The five levels that are present with in the characters in the story are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans (www. suchico. edu) tally to Indianchild. com the India caste system is a hierarchical society. In the Indian caste system, no offspring where you cash in ones chips or what religion you are everybody is ranked into one of the five levels. The caste system is esteem and followed by all who live within the system. No matter where you live everyone knows their caste ranking, and they behave towards separately other according to their ranking. We are first introduced to Morrowbie, who is a man that is placed in the caste system known as Vaishya.harmonize to Caste System, the Vaishya are known as the Krsi (who are the people for grow the solid food for thought grains), the goraksha (who are the cow protection), the vanijyam (who do the trading), the Vaisya karma (people who work), and svabhavajam (are the people who are born of his own nature). The Vaisyas were known as the land-owners, money-lenders and important traders. Morrowbie is known as a man with an education and career as a civil engineer. imputable to his successful career he is known as a land-owner. It is evident though out the story that Morrowbie knows of his high mob level and the caste level of the people around him.When he first locomote into the hole he finds himself in the middle of a crowd. He states that the people are scantily enwrapped and can be associated with the Hindu mendicants (p. 24). According to the Indian caste level the merchants are considered to be one level below Morrowbie Jukes. You can tell from the way that he speaks about them, that he believes them not to be worthy to be in his carriage. Morrowbie goes on to say how the merchants should show him respect and give him recognition of his presence there. In the story, Morrowbie is shown to treat the lower caste levels as second class citizens to him.While Morrowbie is trying to buy food and shelter from Gunga he once again refers to the lower class of merchants that surround him. He states One does not protest against the doings of a den of wild beasts and my companions were lower than any beasts (p. 28). We are then introduced to Gunga Dass as a man of power and status in the purgatory of the dead. Gunga Dass is considered to be the highest class of the Indian caste system. According to www. csuchico. edu, Gunga Dass is in the caste level of Brahmin. According to Gnome Research Brahmin are members of the priestly class in the Indian syste m, and belongs to the upper caste society.The Brahmins as described by Indianchild. com is Brahman is of the nature of truth, familiarity and infinity. Gunga Dass claimed that he no longer lived his life as a Deccanee Brahmin, but he does yet retained his status in the land of the living dead. Even though Dass states that he renounced the Brahmin life, he still is living the role of his caste system. Gunga becomes the guide to Morrowbie, showing him the ways of the new land and the laws that he mustiness follow. Gunga takes the role of protector just as he was in his time on earth. Morrowbie states Gunga Dass, whom I had begun to impress as my natural protector (p. 7). It is Gunga who nourishes the people, protects the land, just as he was during his life as a Brahmin. He gave Morrowbie shelter and food when he was asked. He also had the knowledge of the land, giving Morrowbie the answers that were proper for his own caste level knowledge. When Dass is requested by Morrowbie to get the white male childs body, he states to Morrowbie But I am Brahmin, Sahib- a high caste Brahmin. Even though it seems that Morrowbie has over stepped his caste position, it is Dass who is incessantly in control. He is the protector, guide, nourishes, and all knowing of the land of the living dead.We are then introduced to the white boy that is killed by Gunga. The unnamed boy is considered to be a Harijan in the Indian caste system. According to Caste System in India the Harijan or untouchables was the lowest class of the Indian caste system. They were called the outsiders of the system, the people who were too low on the level to be considered part of the system. They were traditionally sweepers, washers of clothes, leatherworkers, and those whose occupation it was to kill animals (indianchild. com). The hit white boy was described as wearing an olive-green hunting suit that was much stained and worn-out (p. 5). This description gives a fade indication that the murder bo y is a hunter, this is thought by the Indian caste system as a person who deserves no ranking or rights. The boy is neer given a name, which indicates the unimportance of his position. Also it is his body that is drowns in the quick sand for no clear reason. His soul and body are not given a second thought about, he is hard-boiled like a dried up piece of meat, just as he would have been do by during life on earth. We are finally introduced to Dunnoo, a boy that lives in the Indian caste system called Shudra.The Shudra are traditionally people that work in service as slaves or practitioners of out of practice(predicate) trades. Dunnoo is in unskilled tradesmen who work as Morrowbies dog boy. He is a worker at Morrowbies farm that tends to his collies. Even though Dunnoo is considered to be in the lower class of the caste system, he is thought to be above the untouchables. That is why he is used as the person who saves Morrowbie, but it is never mention of any gratitude from Morr owbie for saving his life. In The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes it is evident that the Indian caste system is used in each characters actions and manners.The Indian Caste system is a system that till this day, has been the back bone of the Indian society. The characters of this story displayed not only the attitudes of each caste system, but also the beliefs of how each caste level associated with each other. Each character from Morrowbie to the white hunter established themselves in the undead humanity the same as they lived above ground. They did not care where their bodies were, for living in the caste system you live your full life even after death in the same caste system.

Pen and Paper

Many people believe that globe pen and newspaper publisher examinations argon not the best method of assessing educational achievement.Discuss this view and give your let opinion.achievement ? improvement Schooling development is becoming increasingly popular and prominent as well as education improvement is (the improvement of education representing) (N+N) an essential stage for any countries(country) which seeking to develop itself. fleck of people (A considerable number of people ) think that using a pen and paper in examinations are(is) not the best way of appreciation education achievement(means by which to appreciate educational achievement) .Opponents regards(regard) that using(the use of) untarnished formal (pen and paper)examinations are(as being)(( the best manner of assessing education development (by which to assess educational development).This essay will reason these tow (two) views in terms of the technical field and the traditional field .On the one hand , thithe r is no justification for using traditional examinations in the presence (the face of the expansion) of technology . By(The use of) technological tools and programs becomes processing a data (makes data processing) later on the test very(highly) comfortable and easy (straightforward).In step-up , it basis be use the information(the information can be used) to discover things(examine issues) such as the stripping of common mistakes , finding the most difficult questions and many more(so on) . Furthermore , it is re entirelyy easy to correct examinations after the exams(subsequent to being sat) , as well as do not take a long(taking less(prenominal)) time to make out all it (such corrections).For example , the TCExam is an electronic tasting(testing) program which(for) making a exams and (that) it can correct 100 exams for (in) less than one minute . Because of technology , it could say (be said that) we do not use traditional exams are no longer needed.On the other hand , classi c exams could reinforce a saving words(the retention of information) in the human memory rather(better) than any(other) method .For instance , According(according) to statistics , when the learner use writing(writes information) by hand , prevent pull up stakes words(they forget)30% for the (less of the information than a )person using a computer . Moreover , using a pen and paper in a formal are(setting allows for a) very straightforward examinations . When(When) are decided(deciding) to using(use) a traditional exams technique , at that place is only a need to (for) papers and pens , unlike technological exams which need to(a) complete set of equipment . and completed .As a result , using(the use of a) formal (pen and paper) examination can represent a straight element in education(educational) development .In conclusion , it might not be possible to cover all the aspects of this issue . However , this essay has focused only on the technological field and traditional handle . The most important points that have mentioned are that there is no justification for using traditional examinations in the presence of technology , and (whilst )using a pen and paper formal are(allows for a) very straightforward examinations . Finally , it can be said that using technological exams most likely represents the best way of assessing education(educational) achievement .

During protestant reformation

Henry Vics citizenry became angry with the church, and German monk Martin Luther spoke out (95 theses). B. The Elizabethan Era (p. 288) Elizabeth l, prove to be great ruler. Sent Sir Francis Drake across globe, and Sir Walter Raleigh tried to put colony in Virginia. Greatest feat is defeating the Spanish Armada. C. The Rise of the Stuart and The foiling of the Monarchy (p. 289) After death of Elizabeth, James I took buns (Scotland). This angered Catholics after his support of Church of England. Charles I took over in 1625 and relations withPuritans worsened, also after he dismissed Parlia ment. This put England into civil war. Oliver Cromwell and puritans defeat Royalists. Puritans made a commonwealth. Big set back. Once Charles II came back from exile to assume the throne restoration began. D. The Renaissance (p. 290) Art, poetry, music, theatre, all thriving during this time period. Started in Italy and spread throughout Europe. Life on Earth began to hold more energy and inte rest than thoughts of after support and religion. A renaissance man was a well rounded man who did the best he could with his or her talents. This was the time of Shakespeare,Galileo, and other creative people who invented and developed things to cultivate time period. Such as compass, printing press, and things like that. People began to explore life on earth and began to question many important things. Theatre was huge during this time, and fag James al-Quran was made. The time period concluded in 1660 II. Renaissance Literature A. Pastoral Poems and Sonnets (p. 291) Energy became vibrant in literature. Sir Phillip Sidney, Sir Walter Raleigh and Edmond Spencer all put forth great literature. A pastoral poem is one that represents an idealize manner of shepherd life. Literature of Nature also emerged evilly.B. Shakespearean Drama (up. 292-93) Shakespeare contributed so much to frolic and literature during time period. Mystery, mystical and morality plays developed greatly. Inte rludes and Latin and Greek dramas. He contributed tragedy and Comedies that to this daylight are notable. Also satires. His plays displayed many events and stories throughout history C. The Rise of Humanism (up. 294-95) Art, History, Philosophy and literature is what Humanists studied. English humanists were Erasmus, Sir Thomas More. Utopia was famous work of literature. Many translations also appeared. D. Spiritual and Devotional Writings (up. 295-96)King James discussion did more to mold English writing than anything. Scholar John Wickedly was scrutinized for his translation of spiritual scripture. King James Bible influenced John Millions Paradise Lost. Also puritan writer John Bunyan who was famous for his allegory arose during this time. E. The Metaphysical and Cavalier Poets (up. 296-97) Ben Johnson was an accomplished poet related to Shakespeare because of that manner or writing. Ben Johnson had a group of men who followed him called Sons of Ben, this included Robert Hero ic, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling. John Done represents the Metaphysical poets.

Learning Team Analysis

Learning Team C, in the leadership Theories and Practice course, consists of five pieces. Each member possesses their hold learning name. These learning styles translate into specific leading behaviors and practices. The differing leadership styles of the team members reflect establish leadership theories studied in the course. Team members participated in the Pearson/Prentice-Hall Self-Assessment Library Website (University of Phoenix, 2011) leadership assessments that rate the members use of power, team skills, and conflict handling styles.The information gleaned leave behind assist team members in understanding the potential cushion of the differing leadership styles on team utileness. Beths Analysis Team member, Beth Calvano, scored a 107 on the How favorable am I at Building and Leading Teams. This is a high score and shows that Beth will be a strong team member. For the Whats my Leadership agency assessment Beth scored an 8 on the contact for pile section and a 17 on the childbed section.The score are high and reflect a positive concern for teammates and a task oriented teammate. On the Whats my best-loved Conflict-Handling Style quiz, Beths highest scores were in collaborating (19), accommodating (19), and compromise (19). The Whats my Preferred Form of Power assessment shows that Beth prefers the clever and referent forms of power. Beths leadership style reflects the Theory Y portion of the Theory X and Y possibility of leadership.Her high scores on the learning team skeletal frameing assessment, in the concern for the great unwashed and task sections, shows her ability to care for others and still accomplish the task. Beths conflict-handling style shows high scores for collaborating, accommodating, and compromise, 3 very signifi evoket factors for effective teamwork. The fact that her preferred forms of power are expert and referent lends itself to that theory of leadership. She tends to be an expert in her field, but will ask questi ons and educate herself on subjects with which she is not familiar.Her option for referent power ensures her strong interpersonal connections with teammates (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 1995). Because of the contemporary use of knowledge-based learning in organizations, Theory Y is an effective leadership style (Kopelman, Prottas, & Falk, 2010). Beths leadership style should impact the team positively. Marks Analysis Marks score of 79 on the assessment of How Good Am I at Building and leading Teams places him in the second quartile for potential leaders.Although a higher score was anticipated, responses to primeval questions pertaining to his leadership style indicated he would rank someplace in the mid to upper segment of candidates that would build and lead the team. Marks leadership style was assessed to be in the upper ranges with respect to concern for people and task progress toment. This indicated an ability to balance his orientation for task/people. This leadership style is said to be engendering to others and is reflective of an individual who accepts quarrels and concentratees on achieving tasks. Overall Mark should befool a positive effect on the team.He may not be the designated leader initially, however he has skills sets which are supportive and if need could evolve into a leadership role which would assure the team of continuous quality in structure, payoff and an atmosphere of motivation, collaboration and mutual respect and accountability. Sharras Analysis Team member, Sharra Jones, scored an 85 on the How Good am I at Building and Leading Teams. This score places Sharra in the second quartile which means she can be a strong team member. For the Whats my Leadership Style assessment Sharra scored an 8 on the concern for people section and a 9 on the task section.The scores are in the middle range, which means that the concern for people score is on the higher end and the score for task oriented is on the low- high end. Sharra has great concern for people, but she can also be focus on the task that is set before the team. On the Whats my preferred Conflict-Handling Style quiz, Sharras highest scores were in collaborating (16) and compromise (16). The Whats my Preferred Form of Power assessment shows that Sharra prefers the expert, legitimate, and referent forms of power. Based on the results from each assessment, Sharras leadership style falls under contingency theories. Contingency pproach is that the leadership style is based on the situation the leader is in (Fiedler & Garcia, 1987). Sharras scores high score in the concern for people helps her to adapt to people needs which is exchangeable to adapting leadership styles to fit the situations. The ability to cooperate and compromise makes Sharra an effective team player. She is willing to do what it takes to make sure the team task is completed. Her preferred forms of power also show that she will have a strong and effective impact on the team, because she woul d be consider an expert in her field and is willing to share and help other to achieve what she has achieved.Ryans Analysis Leadership is a facet of my professional life that has always been a challenge to me. Until I entered into my present position, I rarely thought about leadership in anything greater that a Transactional level (Burns, 1990). Being in education, when I was working with student in the classroom, or athletes on the field, I see that while I was being much than Transformational, there was still a Transactional underpinning to the entire relationship. Stepping in the a leadership position within the Curriculum and Instruction Department in the school regularize I work in brought an entirely new perspective on leadership.Honestly, I wish that I had taken this class and these assessments before undertaking this role. agree to the questionnaires, I scored a 102 in the How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team? This places me within the top quartile. What strikes me as arouse is that once I received the results of this survey, it made the results from the next screening more understandable. The Whats My Leadership Style? assessment showed an almost even distribution between my concern for people and my concern for the task. My scores were 11 and 12 respectively.According to the analysis, this places me in the category of leadership that is most versatile in any profession. From there, the Whats My Preferred Type of Power? survey came back with some interesting measures. Within five-tenths of a score, I had three power types tied for the highest. The first was Legitimate with a score of a 5. Next were ripe and Referent respectively with scores of 4. 7 and 4. 5. The screening was completed with the What is my Preferred Conflict-Handling Style? This measure returned with similar outcomes to the previous measure. According to the results, three styles came in close to each other.These were Collaborating with an 18, Compromising with a 17, and Accommodating with a 15. Oddly enough, this left me with more questions than answers from when I started. As much as I strive to be a Transformational Leader in practice, I would look at these quantitative results as moving somewhere in between Transactional and Transformational (Burns, 1978). However, these two categories are fairly generous in their latitude and approach to delineating leadership styles. Manz and Sims (1991) offer a little more depth in description of leadership styles with their four categories, or styles, of leaders.As with the Transactive/Transformative dyad, I found myself striving to be the SuperLeader these two researchers describe. However, and honest assessment of qualitative, anecdotal experiences unite with the quantitative data listed in the previous paragraph would more than likely place my style on the border between Transactor and Visionary Hero. Perhaps the borders between these six different leadership types discussed bear more scrutiny once th e types, themselves, have been clearly established. Like practitioners of the hard sciences, it is the borders between things where activity is at its greatest.This is where geologists and ecologists thrive. Physicists waste for the borderlands of the known and the theoretical to see what is truly there. For leadership, some(prenominal) general and individual understanding, the borders between styles is where more concentration, at least for me, is needed. This is where I see my leadership style flourishing and thriving. Here is where I can authentically cultivate and unique style to leadership with different individuals, and with various groups. However, the one issue I must(prenominal) maintain a situational awareness of is Situational Leadership (Hersey & Blanchard, 1995).In order to maintain a transformative stance, authenticity is a premium that cannot be sacrificed. As such, I must negotiate the situation within the acceptable limits I have put in place within myself. This awareness can only come by experience and engaged reflection after the fact. Phyllis Analysis This is a group that consists of five (5) team members, which will reflect five (5) different personalities and five different backgrounds. Each team member posses his or her own particular leadership style, which reflects in their assessments. I began to reflect back on my shift in roles.As I think back on my transition from a follower, to a supervisor, and to my current position as a manager, I realized those were very difficult periods for me. I knew that as time progressed I would have learn how to change the way I viewed things as well as how I reacted to certain situations. According to Avolio, Yammarino (2008), Leadership involves the ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members (pg 318). I completed the assessments and the majority of what the assessment revealed had a lot of re levancy.The first assessment I completed was, How Good am I at Building and Leading Teams. I scored 100. According to the score I received reflected I was a strong team member. The next assessment I completed was Whats my Leadership Style. I scored an eighter from Decatur (8) on the concern for people, which was a high score according to the assessment and I scored a thirteen (13) on the concern for task, which was also high. According to the assessment the scores in these two particular categories relayed balance, indicating that on a weighted scale I would equaled out.Next, I completed Whats my preferred Conflict-Handling Style. This assessment reflects more of the leadership traits I utilize. The two areas I scored the highest was collaborating and compromising receiving a score of sixteen (16) in both areas. I received a score of fourteen (14) on accommodating. In the areas of competing and avoiding, I received the kindred score of eleven. The last assessment I completed was Wh ats my preferred Type of Power. The scores I received are Reward 3. 7 Coercive 2- I found to be the most stainless Legitimate 4. 2 Expert 5 Referent 3. 2.After completing the assessments, the leadership theory I display would be more of transformational. Subordinates need to feel valued and given a broader look into their job. To extolment them in public motivates and builds their confidence. jenny wren (1995) stated, There has to be structure in leadership. The leader needs to be to explain the task to the subordinately letting them know exactly what it is they would have them to do. Subordinates will be inclined to do as they have been instructed by the leader (that is good follower acceptance and loyalty) (pgs. 96-97).References Burns, J. (1978). Transactional and transformational leadership. In J. Wren (Ed.) The leaders blighter insights on leadership through with(predicate) the ages (pp.100-101). New York Free Press. Fiedler, F. E., & Garcia, J. E. (1987) New approaches to effective leadership. New YorkJohn Wiley. Hersey ,P. & Blanchard, K. (1995). Situational leadership. . In J. Wren (Ed.) The leaders companion insights on leadership through the ages (pp.207-211). New York Free Press. Hughes, R., Ginnett, R., & Curphy, G. (1995). Power, influence, and influence tactics. In J. Wren (Ed.) The leaders companion Insights in leadership through the ages (pp. 339- 351). New York, NY The Free Press.Kopelman, R., Prottas, D., & Falk, D. (2010). Construct validation of theory X/Y behavior scale.Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 31(2), 120-135. Retrieved from ProQuest database.Manz, C. & Sims, Jr., H. (1991). SuperLeadership beyond the myth of heroic leadership. . In J. Wren (Ed.) The leaders companion insights on leadership through the ages (pp.212- 221). New York Free Press.University of Phoenix. (2011). Pearson/Prentice-Hall self-assessment library web site. Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/SAS/ROBBINS sal3v/sal3v3web.html